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In Vitro Evaluation of a 3D PLGA—TCP Composite Scaffold in an Experimental Bioreactor

Helsinki University of Technology, BIT Research Centre, P.O. Box 5500 02015 Espoo, Finland, Department of Otolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Otolaryngology Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, antti.makitie{at}helsinki.fi

Yongnian Yan

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tsinghua Beijing, China

Xiaohong Wang

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tsinghua Beijing, China

Zhuo Xiong

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tsinghua Beijing, China

Kaija-Stiina Paloheimo

Helsinki University of Technology, BIT Research Centre, P.O. Box 5500 Espoo 02015, Finland

Jukka Tuomi

Helsinki University of Technology, BIT Research Centre, P.O. Box 5500 Espoo 02015, Finland

Markku Paloheimo

Helsinki University of Technology, BIT Research Centre, P.O. Box 5500 Espoo 02015, Finland

Jari Salo

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki, Finland

Risto Renkonen

Transplantation laboratory & Infection Biology Research Program, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki & HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

A 3D poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)/tricalcium phosphate (PLGA—TCP) composite scaffold, generated with the low-temperature deposition modeling rapid prototyping technique, was tested for its viability in a 3D cell cultivation in vitro. The aim was to find optimal cell culture conditions for the selected scaffold material and to monitor cell division, differentiation, and migration of selected cell types in this environment. In addition, the behavior and cell-matrix interactions of selected cell types were monitored as well as the biodegradation rate of the tested scaffold material. Chinese hamster ovary cells as well as a human cell line 293 epithelial cells were cultured on the scaffolds. A variety of different preconditioning protocols were deployed to prepare the scaffolds before seeding with the cells. Cell cultivations were conducted for 1—4 weeks and the coverage of the luminal surfaces was analyzed with light microscopy. Long cultivation periods were required to achieve partial coverage of the luminal surfaces of the scaffolds. Tissue engineering with 3D cell cultures and biomaterials represents a promising approach for organ manufacturing research. It may have potential for eventual on-demand high-throughput production of artificial tissues but the process has many challenges. The culture system in a well controlled bioreactor environment is discussed.

Key Words: rapid prototyping • scaffold • tissue culture • biomanufacturing.

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, Vol. 24, No. 1 Suppl, 75-83 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0883911508101745


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